Learn more about Human Anatomy, studying online

• A course for students of health science or fitness, who have completed a first course in human biology; and want to take the next step.
• Professional Development course for fitness leaders, medical receptionists, first aid workers, etc.

An semi-advanced anatomy course developed for people wishing to develop a career in health and human sciences, paramedical, and alternative therapies. (eg. for massage therapists and other health care professionals working in close contact with patient's bodies).

COURSE STRUCTURE:

There are 7 lessons in this module as follows:

1. Cytology

2. Surface Anatomy

3. Systemic Anatomy I

4. Systemic Anatomy II

5. Regional Anatomy I

6. Regional Anatomy II

7. Radiographic and Diagnostic Anatomy

WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THIS COURSE

Here are some of the issues you will confront:

• Describe the importance of the following structures of the eye: eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows.
• What structures form the oral cavity? Briefly describe their importance.
• Using the internet or other reference material, outline and describe otitis media and its causes.
• Besides the eyes, ear, and mouth – what other structures can be studied without a microscope ? List at least ten.
• Using the internet or other reference material, describe the three basic functions of the nervous system that are necessary to maintain homeostasis.
• Using reference materials or the internet, distinguish between grey and white matter and describe where they are found and their differences.
• Using the internet or other reference material define the following: resting membrane potential, depolarization, repolarization, polarized membrane, nerve impulse, depolarized membrane, repolarized membrane, and refractory period.
• List and describe the structure of the four principle parts of the brain.
• Compare and contrast neurons and neuroglia, describing both structure and function
• List the names and locations of the principal body cavities and their major organs.
• List the names and locations of the abdominopelvic quadrants and regions.
• In which quadrant would you feel the pain from appendicitis? From an inflamed liver or gallbladder problems? Problems with the sigmoid colon? Problems with the spleen?
• Using the internet or other reference materials find a sample image of the listed medical imaging techniques.

What is Anatomy?

hey interact with each other, as well as the tissues that form them. It does not consider how parts of the body function; what they do (this is the study of physiology).

Cells First

Different cells have different structures, numbers of organelles and so on, to enable them to perform their specific functions. These cells together form tissues which in turn group to form organs and organ systems that combine different cell types to enable systems to perform coordinated functions.

In order to investigate systemic and regional anatomy later in the course, it is first important that to consider the anatomy of cells at a microscopic level. We start by discussing common organelles and structures, before examining some of the specialised structures found in some cell types.

Anatomy is a foundation for all Health and Fitness Sciences

Anatomy is and was the starting point of scientific investigation of the human body. Without an understanding of structure we cannot fully understand function, for it is the structure and interrelation of body parts that permits their function. In order to study anatomy, it is important to understand the different medical/scientific terms that are used to indicate location, relationship, components, numbers and so on.

Each body region has a specific function and houses specific structures, be that tissues, organs or glands, that enable the performance of the functions or are the reason for the functions.

The head contains the brain and pituitary gland which are protected by the skull. It also contains specific organs for all of the five senses, the nose, eyes, mouth and ears as well as skin, which are protected by facial structures, including the facial bones. The initial parts of the digestive system are also located in the head; the salivary glands, the oral cavity and the teeth. The orifices required for respiration as well as immune glands such as the tonsils are all located in the head.

The torso contains the majority of the vital organs (the exception being the brain, which is located in the head). It is divided into cavities housing sets of organs and also contains the major blood vessels, all protected by bones such as the ribs and vertebrae or muscle tissues.

The limbs attach to the torso and extend from it. They contain no vital organs but do contain some large blood vessels (brachial and femoral arteries).

Vital organs

The brain, heart and liver. These are the organs that must be working in order for the human body to remain alive.

Critical organs

These are organs which are partially redundant; you can survive if they are partially non-functional, or if one of the pair is not working. Kidneys and lungs are critical organs.

Accessory organs

These are organs that improve function, health and quality of life, but are not essential to life. The spleen, eyes, ovaries are all accessory organs.

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